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Cytat
Do celu tam się wysiada. Lec Stanisław Jerzy (pierw. de Tusch-Letz, 1909-1966)
A bogowie grają w kości i nie pytają wcale czy chcesz przyłączyć się do gry (. . . ) Bogowie kpią sobie z twojego poukładanego życia (. . . ) nie przejmują się zbytnio ani naszymi planami na przyszłość ani oczekiwaniami. Gdzieś we wszechświecie rzucają kości i przypadkiem wypada twoja kolej. I odtąd zwyciężyć lub przegrać - to tylko kwestia szczęścia. Borys Pasternak
Idąc po kurzych jajach nie podskakuj. Przysłowie szkockie
I Herkules nie poradzi przeciwko wielu.
Dialog półinteligentów równa się monologowi ćwierćinteligenta. Stanisław Jerzy Lec (pierw. de Tusch - Letz, 1909-1966)
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.S.Congress.4431 In fact, looking at those who have governed Arkansas for the past thirty32 years, one is struck by what seems to be the dissimilarity of their backgrounds33 and career paths to the governorship: a hill county newspaper publisher,34 a transplanted New York multimillionaire businessman, a small-town trial35 lawyer and cattle rancher, a former state legislator and congressman, a law36 professor, a savings and loan executive, a former prosecutor and congress-37 man turned cable television entrepreneur, and a Southern Baptist minister.If38 there is no standard career path to the governorship, is there some common39 attraction that the office offers to a variety of potential candidates?Certainly none of these recent officeholders was attracted, as in earlier 184 The Power and Politics of the Executive Branch1 times in Arkansas some were, by the salary.(In 1923, when the office paid2 $4,000 annually, one gubernatorial hopeful bemoaned the estimated cost of3 a race in his diary as follows: It is a sad day for civic righteousness when4 one has to spend more than 4 years salary to get into office. What might5 he have thought of spending more than thirty-six times what the office paid6 to obtain it?) Nor, despite the high-profile success of the Big Three has7 the governorship been a particularly reliable steppingstone to higher office.8 Of eight twentieth-century governors who attempted to move up to the U.S.9 Senate, only four were successful.4510 Rather, what seems to have attracted most of Arkansas s recent governors11 to the office was the unparalleled opportunities it offers for making things12 happen, for being at the political center, for making a difference in the[184], (29)13 capacities and image of the state and in the lives of its citizens.California14 Speaker Jesse Unruh once attempted to explain political ambition as follows:15 Until you ve been in politics you ve never really been alive.It s the onlyLines: 29716 sport for grownups, all other games are for kids. In the Arkansas context, 17 all but gubernatorial politics are essentially games for kids.If, as has been0.0pt Pg18 suggested, political change and progress depend uniquely on gubernatorial 19 initiatives, and if gubernatorial effectiveness in turn depends heavily onNormal Pa20 the personal drive and forcefulness that individual incumbents bring toPgEnds: TE21 that office, some comfort may be taken in the likelihood that only those22 individuals with the strongest ambitions are likely to seek and obtain the23 office.That such individuals always offer potential dangers to the body[184], (29)24 politic should also be obvious.4625 There remains the question of the extent to which the office has become26 an effective mechanism through which Arkansas citizens, for whom little27 such linkage existed in the past, can express and implement their will.28 Because of the vigorous competition entailed in gubernatorial elections, a29 competition that now involves partisan and broad policy differences as well30 as personality contests, an opportunity does seem to exist for an increasingly31 participatory citizenry with heightened expectations about state services to32 articulate its general political values in choosing one candidate over others.33 Furthermore, if the modern techniques of opinion research are used for34 public-regarding purposes, today s governors have the opportunity to serve35 as a critical catalyst between public preferences and policy results.36 In one recent comprehensive study of Arkansas governors from 190037 through Clinton, the authors reached the conclusion that only one (Dale38 Bumpers) had been great, that seven of the twenty could be classified as39 good, that most had been average (7) or below average (5).However, The Power and Politics of the Executive Branch 1851 two modern governors Bumpers and Clinton were in the three highest-2 rated governors.It is clear, then, that this office that was once strong only by3 default, strong simply because it was less weak than any other position in4 a totally fragmented political system, has now become the potential source5 of transformational as well as transactional leadership.Whether it will be6 consistently or even occasionally used for those purposes is, of course,7 unpredictable.478 Furthermore, although the governorship is the mightiest force in state9 politics, the executive remains only one of three branches of government.10 Both the legislative and judicial branches have also strengthened their11 capacity to deal with contemporary issues, but they have not embraced[Last Page]12 modernity so enthusiastically or comprehensively as has the executive.[185], (30)131415Lines: 303 to16 17348.8400118 19Normal Page20PgEnds: TEX212223[185], (30)24252627282930313233343536373839 1234chapter nine567The Power and Politics89of the Legislative Branch1011[First Page12[186], (1)13 Honey, if we only did things that were constitutional we d have gone home14months ago. 15Lines: 0 toState legislator, to the executive director of the Arkansas aclu, 199716 171.0pt PgI ll make a[n]
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