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Cytat
Do celu tam się wysiada. Lec Stanisław Jerzy (pierw. de Tusch-Letz, 1909-1966)
A bogowie grają w kości i nie pytają wcale czy chcesz przyłączyć się do gry (. . . ) Bogowie kpią sobie z twojego poukładanego życia (. . . ) nie przejmują się zbytnio ani naszymi planami na przyszłość ani oczekiwaniami. Gdzieś we wszechświecie rzucają kości i przypadkiem wypada twoja kolej. I odtąd zwyciężyć lub przegrać - to tylko kwestia szczęścia. Borys Pasternak
Idąc po kurzych jajach nie podskakuj. Przysłowie szkockie
I Herkules nie poradzi przeciwko wielu.
Dialog półinteligentów równa się monologowi ćwierćinteligenta. Stanisław Jerzy Lec (pierw. de Tusch - Letz, 1909-1966)
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.They remained out of touch with civilization andvillage life, moving along river routes for months at a timeand returning to settlements such as Quebec, Trois-Rivières,and Tadoussac only when they had trapped or traded enoughanimal pelts to sell.By the mid-1660s, the number of French colonists in Canadahad reached 3,000.That same decade would witness clashesover the St.Lawrence River valley between its longtime colo-nizers and the British, who had been busy for nearly half acentury colonizing to the south from colonial New Englandand New York in the north to the Carolinas in the south.Having largely settled along the Atlantic coast for a coupleof generations and having succeeded in seizing colonial out-posts held by the Dutch and Swedes in modern-day New York,Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, the British were beginning to War along the River 63eye the teeming fishing villages and developing farming centers,not to mention the always lucrative fur trade of New France,for themselves.To an extent, the developing rivalry betweenthe French and British in North America was part of a greaterhostility between the two powers that had been taking place onthe European continent for centuries.The struggle between the French Canadians and the Britishsaw much scattered frontier fighting during the 1680s and1690s, a conflict the English later referred to as King William sWar (1689 1697).The European powers attempted to solicitallies in the various Indian tribes of the region both concen-trating on gaining support from the fierce Iroquois.Ultimately,the Iroquois sided with the British, in part because of memoriesof the attack against them in 1609 in which Champlain hadparticipated.During the summer of 1689, a large group ofIroquois warriors secretly approached Montreal and attackedthe village of Lachine, just a few miles upriver, killing morethan 60 people: With savage brutality they forced helplesswomen to turn the spit in which their children were roastedto death. 48The following spring, Louis de Buade, count of Frontenac,organized more than 1,000 Frenchmen into a series of cam-paigns, raiding Albany, New York, and Salmon Falls, NewHampshire.British ships followed with retaliation of theirown.In March, William Phips, a ship s carpenter born inMaine, convinced the Massachusetts government to supportattacks on Canada s Maritime provinces.With 700 men and14 ships, Phips raided and burned Port Royal and then forcedthe French residents there to swear an oath of allegiance toBritain.Within two years, Phips was chosen as the colony s firstroyal governor.Another British colonial move included anattack by a combined force of dozens of New Yorkers and someIroquois allies on La Prairie on the Richelieu River, acrossthe St.Lawrence from Montreal.Dozens were shot and taken 64 THE ST.LAWRENCE RIVERprisoner, and the New Yorkers killed 150 head of French cattle.Before summer s end, Phips laid siege to Quebec and nearlysucceeded in causing its fall.In 1692, the British-allied Iroquois attacked the French villageof Verchères, located approximately 20 miles downriver fromMontreal, along the St.Lawrence.The siege nearly ended in thecollapse of the village, but a 14-year-old girl named Madeleinede Verchères rallied the settlement s inhabitants, oversawthe rationing of food and water, and encouraged her fellowvillagers to hold out until French rescuers arrived.For five moreyears, until France and England signed the Treaty of Ryswick,the raids continued along the St.Lawrence River valley.King William s War was just one of a series of wars foughtbetween the British and French during the century to follow.Throughout these conflicts, the French understood howimportant it was to protect the St.Lawrence region in generaland the river specifically.War returned to the area in 1702(the British called the conflict in America Queen Anne sWar), and it lasted more than a decade.During this conflict,Massachusetts militia forces struck at Port Royal in NovaScotia and captured it in 1710.The result was the passing ofFrench Acadia (present-day Nova Scotia) to British control, though only nominally, for almost all of its five thousandFrench and Indian inhabitants refused to take the oath ofloyalty to the English Crown. 49After the war, in 1713, the French established a new fortress,Louisbourg, on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, to protect theSt.Lawrence River (an English fleet had sailed up the river in1711 to attack Quebec)
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