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Do celu tam się wysiada. Lec Stanisław Jerzy (pierw. de Tusch-Letz, 1909-1966)
A bogowie grają w kości i nie pytają wcale czy chcesz przyłączyć się do gry (. . . ) Bogowie kpią sobie z twojego poukładanego życia (. . . ) nie przejmują się zbytnio ani naszymi planami na przyszłość ani oczekiwaniami. Gdzieś we wszechświecie rzucają kości i przypadkiem wypada twoja kolej. I odtąd zwyciężyć lub przegrać - to tylko kwestia szczęścia. Borys Pasternak
Idąc po kurzych jajach nie podskakuj. Przysłowie szkockie
I Herkules nie poradzi przeciwko wielu.
Dialog półinteligentów równa się monologowi ćwierćinteligenta. Stanisław Jerzy Lec (pierw. de Tusch - Letz, 1909-1966)
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.cf file.It's also been said that you're crazy if you've attempted to do so twice.sendmail is an incredibly powerful mail program.It's also incredibly difficult to learn and understand.Any program whose definitive reference (sendmail, by Bryan Costales and Eric Allman, published byO'Reilly) is 1,050 pages long scares most people off.Information on the sendmail reference is containedin the bibliography at the end of this book.Fortunately, new versions of sendmail are different.You no longer need to directly edit the crypticsendmail.cf file; the new version provides a configuration utility that will create the sendmail.cffile for you based on much simpler macro files.You do not need to understand the complex syntax of thesendmail.cf file; the macro files don't require you to.Instead, you need only list items, such as thename of features you wish to include in your configuration, and specify some of the parameters thatdetermine how that feature operates.A traditional Unix utility called m4 then takes your macroconfiguration data and mixes it with the data it reads from template files containing the actualsendmail.cf syntax, to produce your sendmail.cf file.In this chapter we introduce sendmail and describe how to install, configure and test it, using the VirtualBrewery as an example.If the information presented here helps make the task of configuring sendmail less daunting for you, we hope you'll gain the confidence to tackle more complex configurations on yourown.Prev Home NextConfiguring elm Installing sendmail[ Please note that the University of Edinburgh is not responsible for the content ofthese WWW pages.For queries please contact user@ph.ed.ac.uk whereuser appears after the ~ and before the / in the URL for this page ] Linux Network Administrators GuidePrev NextChapter 12.ImportantNetwork FeaturesTable of ContentsThe inetd Super ServerThe tcpd Access Control FacilityThe Services and Protocols FilesRemote Procedure CallConfiguring Remote Loginand ExecutionAfter successfully setting up IP and the resolver, you then must look at the services you want to provide overthe network.This chapter covers the configuration of a few simple network applications, including the inetdserver and the programs from the rlogin family.We'll also deal briefly with the Remote Procedure Callinterface, upon which services like the Network File System (NFS) and the Network Information System (NIS)are based.The configuration of NFS and NIS, however, is more complex and are described in separatechapters, as are electronic mail and network news.Of course, we can't cover all network applications in this book.If you want to install one that's not discussedhere, like talk, gopher, or http, please refer to the manual pages of the server for details.The inetd Super ServerPrograms that provide application services via the network are called network daemons.A daemon is aprogram that opens a port, most commonly a well-known service port, and waits for incoming connections onit.If one occurs, the daemon creates a child process that accepts the connection, while the parent continues tolisten for further requests.This mechanism works well, but has a few disadvantages; at least one instance ofevery possible service you wish to provide must be active in memory at all times.In addition, the softwareroutines that do the listening and port handling must be replicated in every network daemon.To overcome these inefficiencies, most Unix installations run a special network daemon, what you mightconsider a super server.This daemon creates sockets on behalf of a number of services and listens on all ofthem simultaneously.When an incoming connection is received on any of these sockets, the super serveraccepts the connection and spawns the server specified for this port, passing the socket across to the child tomanage.The server then returns to listening.The most common super server is called inetd, the Internet Daemon.It is started at system boot time and takesthe list of services it is to manage from a startup file named /etc/inetd.conf.In addition to those servers,there are a number of trivial services performed by inetd itself called internal services.They include chargen,which simply generates a string of characters, and daytime, which returns the system's idea of the time of day.An entry in this file consists of a single line made up of the following fields:service type protocol wait user server cmdline Each of the fields is described in the following list:serviceGives the service name.The service name has to be translated to a port number by looking it up in the/etc/services file.This file will be described later in this chapter in the section the section calledThe Services and Protocols Files.typeSpecifies a socket type, either stream (for connection-oriented protocols) or dgram (for datagramprotocols)
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