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Cytat
Do celu tam się wysiada. Lec Stanisław Jerzy (pierw. de Tusch-Letz, 1909-1966)
A bogowie grają w kości i nie pytają wcale czy chcesz przyłączyć się do gry (. . . ) Bogowie kpią sobie z twojego poukładanego życia (. . . ) nie przejmują się zbytnio ani naszymi planami na przyszłość ani oczekiwaniami. Gdzieś we wszechświecie rzucają kości i przypadkiem wypada twoja kolej. I odtąd zwyciężyć lub przegrać - to tylko kwestia szczęścia. Borys Pasternak
Idąc po kurzych jajach nie podskakuj. Przysłowie szkockie
I Herkules nie poradzi przeciwko wielu.
Dialog półinteligentów równa się monologowi ćwierćinteligenta. Stanisław Jerzy Lec (pierw. de Tusch - Letz, 1909-1966)
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.251.100.204]DLC: Target hardware address = 00 00 00 00 00 00DLC: Target protocol address = [144.251.100.100]Ethernet II (Cisco ARPA) frame, Ethernet data link broadcast.Carrying ARP (Request).An IP device with IP address 144.251.100.204 is searching for the MAC addressof the IP device with IP address 144.251.100.100.38 Based on the captured traffic displayed as follows, specify the frame type and explainits purpose.DLC: ----- DLC Header -----DLC:DLC: Frame 3 arrived at 15:06:34.789; frame size is 141 (008D hex) bytes.DLC: Destination = 09 00 07 FF FF FFDLC: Source = cisco 059AC2DLC: Length = 127LLC: ----- LLC Header -----LLC:LLC: DSAP = AA, SSAP = AA, Command, Unnumbered frame: UILLC:SNAP: --- SNAP Header ----SNAP:SNAP: OUI = 080007 (Apple)SNAP: Type = 809B (AppleTalk)SNAP:DDP:----- DDP Header -----DDP:DDP: Hop Count = 0DDP: Length = 119 Chapter 3 407DDP: Checksum = 396A (correct)DDP: Destination network number = 0DDP: Destination node = 255DDP: Destination socket = 1 (RTMP)DDP: Source network number = 1140DDP: Source node = 100DDP: Source socket = 1 (RTMP)DDP: DDP protocol type = 1 (RTMP data)DDP:RTMP: ----- RTMP Data -----RTMP:RTMP: Extended packet, Version 2RTMP: Net = 1140RTMP: Node ID Length = 8 BitsRTMP: Node ID = 100RTMP: Tuple 1 (Extended): Cable range = 1140 TO 1140, Distance = 0RTMP: Tuple 2 (Extended): Range = 47 TO 47, Distance = 2RTMP: Tuple 3 (Extended): Range = 1000 TO 1005, Distance = 1RTMP: Tuple 4 (Extended): Range = 1010 TO 1010, Distance = 2&Ethernet SNAP frame, Ethernet data link multicast.Carrying Apple AppleTalk (Extended, Version 2).An AppleTalk device with address 1140.100 is broadcasting a DDP packet thatencapsulates RTMP data (routing table).39 Based on the captured traffic displayed as follows, specify the frame type and explainits purpose.DLC: ----- DLC Header -----DLC:DLC: Frame 4 arrived at 15:07:13.281; frame size is 238 (00EE hex) bytes.DLC: Destination = BroadcastDLC: Source = 3Com C25C79DLC: 802.3 length = 224IPX: ----- IPX Header -----IPX:IPX: Checksum = FFFFIPX: Length = 224IPX: Transport control = 00IPX: 0000.= ReservedIPX:.0000 = Hop CountIPX: Packet type = 0 (Novell)IPX:IPX: Dest Network.Node = 1000.FFFFFFFFFFFF Socket=1106(SAP)IPX: Source Network.Node = 1000.02 60 8C C2 5C 79 Socket=1106(SAP) 408 Appendix A: Answers to Quiz QuestionsNovell 802.3 (Cisco Novell_Ether), Ethernet data link broadcast.Carrying IPX packet.An IPX device with address 1000.0260.8CC2.5C79 is sending a broadcast on thelocal IPX network 1000 (1000.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF) encapsulating SAP.40 Based on the captured traffic displayed as follows, specify the frame type and explainits purpose.DLC: ----- DLC Header -----DLC:DLC: Frame 1 arrived at 15:05:33.389; frame size is 62 (003E hex) bytes.DLC: AC: Frame priority 0, Reservation priority 0, Monitor count 0DLC: FC: LLC frame, PCF attention code: NoneDLC: FS: Addr recognized indicators: 00, Frame copied indicators: 00DLC: Destination = Station cisco A05903DLC: Source = Station IBM 0AE591DLC:LLC: ----- LLC Header -----LLC:LLC: DSAP = AA, SSAP = AA, Command, Unnumbered frame: UILLC:SNAP: ----- SNAP Header -----SNAP:SNAP: Type = 0800 (IP)SNAP:Token Ring SNAP frame, data link unicast.Encapsulating an IP packet.Chapter 4 Do I Know This Already? Quiz1 Briefly explain why Cisco IOS troubleshooting commands/tools need properhandling.Despite their importance in terms of the valuable information they provide, thesetools inevitably utilize some processing cycles and memory of the router.Furthermore, they may disable or at least have a negative effect on some ofrouter s internal (optimized) operations, such as fast switching. Chapter 4 4092 What does proper handling of troubleshooting tools entail?Proper usage of troubleshooting tools means that you should be selective in youruse of tools and should use them with appropriate focus to gather the desiredinformation.You must stop using these tools immediately after you attain yourobjective.This also means that you should limit the period of time during whichthese tools are used.3 Provide a generic explanation for route caching (or fast switching) and the motivationbehind it.During a time interval, the packets that are arriving into a router can be dividedinto a number of groups (called streams), each of which comprises a bunch ofpackets with a common destination.A router usually forwards packets thatbelong to the same stream in a similar way.In other words, it forwards them outfrom the same interface.The result of the routing decision made is based on theprocessing of the first packet of the stream.The result of processing the firstpacket of a stream can be reapplied to the packets following the first one.This iscalled route caching.Since the routing task is complex and resource consuming,and it introduces latency, skipping this operation on all the packets except thefirst (from the same stream) is very advantageous and efficient.4 Which of the route caching methods are not enabled by default? And from whichconfiguration mode (prompt level) can they be enabled?All of the switching (route caching) features, except fast switching (and optimumswitching for IP on supported interfaces), need to be turned on manually.Enabling a specific type of switching is an interface configuration task and isdone for each protocol individually.Of course, the type of switching that isavailable is router/component dependent.5 With regard to speed and switching optimization, how did Cisco Systems improve theCisco 7500 routers (in comparison to the 7000 series)?The internal bus of the 7500 router (CyBus) operates at 1 Gbps, which is abouttwice as fast as the 7000 router s CxBus.Instead of having two components (SSP and RP, or SP and RP) as in 7000routers, the 7500 router is equipped with one component called the Route/SwitchProcessor (which eliminates the slow 153 Mbps system bus connecting the RPand SSP)
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