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Cytat
Do celu tam się wysiada. Lec Stanisław Jerzy (pierw. de Tusch-Letz, 1909-1966)
A bogowie grają w kości i nie pytają wcale czy chcesz przyłączyć się do gry (. . . ) Bogowie kpią sobie z twojego poukładanego życia (. . . ) nie przejmują się zbytnio ani naszymi planami na przyszłość ani oczekiwaniami. Gdzieś we wszechświecie rzucają kości i przypadkiem wypada twoja kolej. I odtąd zwyciężyć lub przegrać - to tylko kwestia szczęścia. Borys Pasternak
Idąc po kurzych jajach nie podskakuj. Przysłowie szkockie
I Herkules nie poradzi przeciwko wielu.
Dialog półinteligentów równa się monologowi ćwierćinteligenta. Stanisław Jerzy Lec (pierw. de Tusch - Letz, 1909-1966)
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.We now add, to complete thepicture, the observation that a number of the Neanderthal skullsfound at Krapina and Ehringsdorf provide evidence also of hisritual cannibalism.They had been opened in a certain interestingway.Furthermore, every one of the unearthed skulls of Neander-thal's Javanese contemporary, Solo Man (Ngangdong Man), hadalso been opened.And finally, when skulls opened by the modernheadhunters of Borneo for the purpose of lapping up the brainsare compared with those of Solo and Neanderthal the skulls hav-ing served, handily, as the bowls for their own contents they arefound to have been opened in precisely the same way.25Remarkable indeed we might observe in passing how farcultural patterns can survive beyond the periods of the races amongwhom they first appear!What rites were associated with the early headhunt we do notknow; but that its spirit was comparable to the head-worship ofthe bear is likely particularly in view of the fact that at the five-chambered grotto of Guattari, near San Felice Circeo, on thecoast of Italy, some eighty miles southeast of Rome, a Neanderthalskeleton was recently discovered that had been treated much inthe way of a sacrificed bear.The head having been removed, ahole had been tapped in it for the removal of the brain; the re-mains of sacrificed animals were preserved in receptacles roundabout the grotto, and the skeleton itself was surrounded by a circleof stones."O noble Divinity!" We can almost hear the prayer: "PreciousDivinity, we adore thee.We are about to send you back to yourfather and mother.When you come to them, please speak wellof us and tell them how kind we have been.Please come to usagain and we shall again do you the honor of a sacrifice."Of interest, furthermore, is the fact that on the summit of MonteCirceo itself stand the ruins of a Roman temple supposed to havebeen dedicated to Circe, the sorceress who not only transformedOdysseus' men into swine but also introduced the great voyagerhimself to the cavernous entrance to the Land of the Dead.And 374 PRI MI TI VE MYTHOLOGYthe name of the promontory is itself a reference to this belief; forthe folk memory has it that the vivid headland high and beauti-ful, and nearly surrounded by the sea was Circe's Isle.IV.The Stage of Crô-Magnon Man(c.30,000-10,000 B.C.)The dating of the Aurignacian period varies dramatically ac-cording to whether the new Carbon-14 estimates are accepted orrejected.The Abbé Breuil rejects them, declaring that they leadto "absurd results" and spans of time "notoriously insufficient.""We must still wait," he writes, "until we learn the limits of thistechnique, which seems less accurate when the material is morethan fifteen or twenty thousand years old." 26 Herbert Kühn holdsto a date for the period of c.60,000 B.C.; 27 the Abbé Breuil,c.40,000 B.C.Carleton S.Coon, on the other hand, acceptingthe new evidence, suggests c.20,000 B.C.28 A fair norm, con-sidering the fact that the Würm Glaciation was at its peak about35,000 B.C., whereas the Aurignacian almost certainly followedthis peak, would seem to be about 30,000 B.C.The typical figure of the time the "signature" of the time, asWeinert terms him is Crô-Magnon man, straight and tall, with abrain capacity of from 1590 cc.to something like 1880 (some-what greater than the modern average) ;29 but a number of otherracial strains also appear.Some of these (Chancelade Man, CombeCapelle Man) have been said to resemble the modern Eskimo;others (Grimaldi) suggest types of Italian.In the continent ofAfrica, where Crô-Magnon remains have been discovered downthe whole east coast as far as the Cape, other forms suggest theBushman.30Four major divisions of the upper paleolithic, the culminatingage of the Great Hunt, have been generally recognized: the Aurig-nacian, the Solutrean, the Magdalenian, and the Capsian.THE AURI GNACI ANThis is the high period of the paleolithic female figurines andof the earliest rock-engraving and painting styles.The mural artis linear and somewhat stiff, though by no means crude or incom- THRESHOLDS OF THE PALEOLI THI C 375petent: one thinks of the tension of the archaic.The bone, ivory,and stone figurines, on the other hand, are boldly stylized some,indeed, with consummate elegance and in a manner remarkably"modern."On the walls of a number of the caves claw marks of the cavebear have been found, and it has been observed that engravingsand paintings usually appear near these spots.Thus we may saythat the Master Bear was the first teacher of this animal art andwhere he touched was a proper place for animal magic.Thestenciled or colored imprints of human hands likewise appear onthe walls, many with mutilated fingers.Thus finger-joint offeringsare indicated, like those of the North American buffalo plains.The hand imprints were perhaps placed on the walls in imitationof the imprints of the bear.The caves were the sites of animal magic and of the men's rites.They are the underworld itself, the realm of the herds of the under-world, from which the herds of the upper world proceed and backto which they return.They are of the realm and substance of night,of darkness, and of the night sky, their animals being comparableto the stars, which are slain by the sun yet reappear.The mytholo-gies of the animal masters and shamanism, the journey to theother world by way of a ceremonial burial, men's threshold rites,rebirth, and the masked dance inspired the liturgies of this bril-liant age.The female figurines indicate, furthermore, that a mythologyof the goddess existed also, which can have been either comple-mentary or alien to the finger-chopping system of the men's danc-ing rites.The goddess suggests a context more closely associatedthan that of the caves, however, with the tropical areas of theprimary diffusion, where a planter's mythology or at least theprelude to a planter's mythology must by now have come intoform
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